Deep Brain Stimulation e sintesi uomo-macchina: la possibilità di una prospettiva fenomenologica

Giuseppe Comerci, Sarah Songhorian

Abstract


Riassunto: La Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) è un dispositivo annoverato tra le interfacce-cervello computer e che si qualifica come una promettente soluzione medica per far fronte al decorso di alcune malattie neurodegenerative come il Parikinson. Decenni di utilizzo clinico della DBS hanno permesso di comprenderne gli effetti collaterali e il loro impatto sul PIAAAS (Personality, Identity, Agency, Authenticity, Autonomy and Self). In tal senso, per sondare cambiamenti psicologici legati all’uso della DBS si è fatto ricorso a metodi quantitativi, come questionari incentrati su valutazioni di ordine numerico, e metodi qualitativi, che si appoggiano alle esperienze riportate dai pazienti tramite interviste. Questo articolo ha l’obiettivo di evidenziare come, a prescindere dai metodi di indagine utilizzati, la ricerca sia stata sempre focalizzata sugli effetti collaterali della DBS e gli eventuali cambiamenti sulle dimensioni comprese nel PIAAAS, lasciandosi sfuggire l’occasione di usare i numerosi dati raccolti per effettuare un’analisi fenomenologica che potesse restituirci una descrizione della sintesi uomo-macchina. Per colmare questo iato, proponiamo l’utilizzo sinergico di due metodi di raccolta e analisi dati di origine fenomenologica.

Parole chiave: Deep Brain Stimulation; Effetti collaterali; Sintesi uomo-macchina; Fenomenologia

 

Deep Brain Stimulation and the human-machine synthesis: A possible phenomenological perspective

Abstract: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a device included among the brain-computer interfaces and that qualifies as a promising medical solution to cope with the course of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parikinson’s. Decades of clinical use of DBS have allowed us to understand its side effects and their impact on PIAAAS (Personality, Identity, Agency, Authenticity, Autonomy and Self). In this sense, to investigate psychological changes related to the use of DBS, quantitative methods, such as questionnaires focused on numerical assessments, and qualitative techniques, which are based on experiences by patients through interviews, have been used. This article aims to highlight how, regardless of the survey methods used, research has always been focused on the side effects of DBS and possible changes in the concepts included in the PIAAAS, missing the opportunity to use the numerous data collected to carry out a phenomenological analysis that could give us a description of the human-machine synthesis. To bridge this hiatus, we propose the synergistic use of two phenomenological methods of data collection and analysis.

Keywords: Deep Brain Stimulation; Side Effects; Human-machine synthesis; Phenomenology


Parole chiave


Deep Brain Stimulation; Effetti collaterali; Sintesi uomo-macchina; Fenomenologia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4453/rifp.2024.0006

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