De-umanizzazione (e umanizzazione) nelle relazioni intergruppi. La prospettiva della psicologia sociale sperimentale.

Maria Paola Paladino, Jeroen Vaes

Abstract


Riassunto - La storia, anche in tempi recenti, abbonda di casi in cui a specifici gruppi sociali o a qualcuno dei loro membri è negato il riconoscimento di una piena umanità. Solo di recente, tuttavia, questo fenomeno ha attratto l’interesse della psicologia sociale sperimentale. Questo contributo illustra lo stato dell’arte della ricerca su umanizzazione e de-umanizzazione nelle relazioni intergruppi, discutendo in particolare quattro nuclei problematici principali: la concezione e il modello operazionale di umanizzazione e de-umanizzazione adottati nella ricerca empirica; i principali fattori relativi alle relazioni intergruppi che influenzano, incrementando o riducendo, il riconoscimento dell’umanità di un gruppo sociale e dei suoi membri; la de-umanizzazione nell’ambito dei gruppi di genere e di orientamento sessuale; e le funzioni della de-umanizzazione e dell’umanizzazione nelle relazioni intergruppi.

Parole chiave: Relazioni intergruppi; De-umanizzazione; Teoria dell’infra-umanizzazione; Pregiudizio; Disimpegno morale.

 

De-humanization (and Humanization) in Intergroup Relations: The Perspective of Experimental Social Psychology.

Abstract - History, even in its more recent years, offers many examples of the denial of full humanity to a social group and its members. Nevertheless this phenomenon has only recently attracted the attention and the interest of empirical research in social psychology. In the current contribution we present the state of the art of the research on processes of de-humanization and humanization in intergroup relations. Particularly the present review covers the followings topics: conceptions and operationalizations of humanness and de-humanization used in empirical research; the main variables in intergroup relations that may influence, fostering or reducing, the acknowledgement of a group’s full humanity; de-humanization between gender groups and on the basis of people’s sexual orientation; functions of de-humanization and ingroup humanization in intergroup relations.

Keywords: Intergroup Relations; De-humanization; Infra-humanization Theory; Prejudice; Moral Disengagement.


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Riferimenti bibliografici


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4453/rifp.2011.0014

Copyright (c) 2011 Maria Paola Paladino, Jeroen Vaes

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