Moral Beliefs and Cognitive Homogeneity
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract: The Emotional Perception Model of moral judgment intends to account for experientialism about morality and moral reasoning. In explaining how moral beliefs are formed and applied in practical reasoning, the model attempts to overcome the mismatch between reason and action/desire: morality isn’t about reason for actions, yet moral beliefs, if caused by desires, may play a motivational role in (moral) agency. The account allows for two kinds of moral beliefs: genuine moral beliefs, which enjoy a relation to desire, and motivationally inert moral beliefs acquired in ways other than experience. Such etiology-based dichotomy of concepts, I will argue, leads to the undesirable view of cognition as a non-homogeneous phenomenon. Moreover, the distinction between moral beliefs and moral beliefs would entail a further dichotomy encompassing the domain of moral agency: one and the same action might possibly be either genuine moral, or not moral, if acted by individuals lacking the capacity for moral feelings, such as psychopaths.
Keywords: Moral Beliefs; Cognitive Homogeneity; Moral Agency; Motivation; Psychopathy
Credenze morali e omogeneità cognitiva
Riassunto: L’Emotional Perception Model del giudizio morale offre un approccio esperienzialista alla moralità e al ragionamento morale. Il modello, che propone una spiegazione di come le credenze morali vengano prima formate e poi applicate, intende superare il disallineamento tra ragione e azione/desiderio: la moralità non riguarda le ragioni per agire, tuttavia le credenze morali, se causate dal desiderio o in relazione con esso, svolgono un ruolo motivazionale nell’azione (morale). Questo approccio consente di identificare due tipi di credenza morale: le credenze morali genuine, che trattengono una relazione con il desiderio, e le credenze morali senza relazione alcuna con il desiderio e dunque caratterizzate da inerzia motivazionale. Tale tassonomia, la cui origine è da rintracciare nell’eziologia dei concetti, porta alla sgradita visione della cognizione come fenomeno disomogeneo. Inoltre la distinzione tra credenze morali (genuine) e credenze morali (non genuine) introdurrebbe una ulteriore possibile dicotomia interna al dominio dell’azione morale: una medesima (buona) azione può essere al contempo genuinamente morale oppure no, a seconda che venga agita da un individuo con la capacità di esperire sentimenti morali o da uno che ne sia privo, come nel caso di soggetti psicopatici.
Parole chiave: Credenze morali; Omogeneità cognitiva; Agentività morale; Motivazione; PsicopatiaDownloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication for the printed and the electronic version simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this Journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchange, as well as earlier and more extensive citation of published work (cf. The Effect of Open Access). After the conclusion of the double blind peer review procedure, they can self-archive any version of their work: the published version as well as the pre-print (pre-refereeing) and the final draft post-refereeing.
How to Cite
References
BLAIR, J., MITCHELL, D., BLAIR, K. (2005), The Psychopath: Emotion and the Brain, Blackwell, Oxford.
BRINK, D.O. (1997), Moral Motivation. In: «Ethics», vol. CVIII, n. 1, 1997, pp. 4-32.
GAO, Y., RAINE, A. (2010), Successful and Unsuccessful Psychopaths: A Neurobiological Model. In: «Behavioral Sciences & the Law», vol. XXVIII, n. 2, pp. 194-210.
HUME, D. (1793/1960), A Treatise of Human Nature, edited by A. SELBY-BIGGE, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
MATTHEWS, E. (2014), Psychopathy and Moral Rationality. In: T. SCHRAMME (ed.), Being Amoral, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA), pp. 71-90.
SCHRAMME, T. (2014), Being a (A-)Moral Person and Caring about Morality. In: T. SCHRAMME (ed.), Being Amoral, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA), pp. 227-244.
SCOTT, O., LILIENFELD, A., WATTS, L., SMITH, S.F. (2015), Successful Psychopathy: A Scientific Status Report. In: «Current Directions in Psychological Science», vol. XXIV, n. 4, pp. 298-303.
SINHABABU, N. (2017), Humean Nature. How Desire Explains Action, Thought, and Feeling, Oxford university Press, Oxford/New York.
WATSON, G. (2011), The Trouble with Psychopaths. In: R.J. WALLACE, R. KUMAR, S. FREEMAN (eds.), Reasons and Recognition: Essays on the Philosophy of T. M. Scanlon, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York, pp. 307-331.