Le culture epistemiche. A proposito di status e funzione di un concetto epistemologico
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Riassunto: In questo articolo si illustrerà il concetto di culture epistemiche, termine con il quale nel lessico dell’epistemologia, della filosofia della cultura e della sociologia della conoscenza si indica il carattere contestuale, relazionale, culturalmente e storicamente condizionato dei processi conoscitivi umani. Questo concetto si riferisce in primo luogo alla genesi della conoscenza, ma anche ai processi di sviluppo e di giustificazione della stessa. Ampio spazio sarà dedicato a una descrizione delle caratteristiche strutturali di questa nozione e alla descrizione delle fonti che hanno consentito di introdurla nell’ambito dell’epistemologia. Si discuterà inoltre come l’idea di culture epistemiche dia vita a una concezione intrinsecamente relazionale e contestuale della conoscenza umana.
Parole chiave: Culture epistemiche; Pluralismo; Contestualismo; Struttura della rappresentazione; Ludvik Fleck.
Cultures of Knowledge. On Status and Function of an Epistemological Concept
Abstract: This article illustrates the concept of “cultures of knowledge”. This is used in the fields of epistemology, philosophy of culture and of sociology of knowledge to indicate the contextual and the relational character of human knowledge, which is always determined by cultural and social factors. The expression “cultures of knowledge” is related mainly to the processes through which knowledge is developed and justified. This work will be focused primarily on the description of the structural characteristics of this notion and of the sources through which this has been developed in the literature. Furthermore, the paper will show that the idea of “cultures of knowledge” produces an intrinsically relational and contextual view of human knowledge.
Keywords: Cultures of Knowledge; Pluralism; Contextualism; Structure of Representation; Ludvik Fleck.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication for the printed and the electronic version simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this Journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchange, as well as earlier and more extensive citation of published work (cf. The Effect of Open Access). After the conclusion of the double blind peer review procedure, they can self-archive any version of their work: the published version as well as the pre-print (pre-refereeing) and the final draft post-refereeing.
How to Cite
References
ABEL, G. (1993), Interpretationswelten, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M.
ARNOLD, M., DRESSEL, G. (2004), Wissenschaftskulturen – Experimentalkulturen – Gelehrtenkulturen, Turia & Kant, Wien.
BACHELARD, G. (1938/2005), La formazione dello spirito scientifico. Contributo a una psicoanalisi della conoscenza oggettiva, a cura di E. CASTELLI GATTINARA, Raffaello Cortina, Milano.
BACHELARD, G. (1962/1998), La filosofia del non. Saggio di una filosofia del nuovo spirito scientifico, a cura di G. QUARTA, Armando, Roma.
BARTELBORTH, Th. (1996), Begründungsstrategien. Ein Weg durch die analytische Erkenntnistheorie, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
BECKER, A., DETEL, W., Conference Report: Ideal and Culture of Knowledge in Plato, disponibile online all’URL:http://www.nd.edu/~plato/becker_detel.htm.
BLOOR, D. (1976), Knowledge and Social Imagery, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
CASSIRER, E. (1910/1973), Sostanza e funzione, traduzione di E. ARNAUD, La Nuova Italia, Firenze.
CASSIRER, E. (1923/1989), Filosofia delle forme simboliche, vol. III, Fenomenologia della conoscenza, traduzione di E. ARNAUD, La Nuova Italia, Firenze.
DETEL, W. (2001), Knowledge and Context. In: «Philosophical Inquiries», vol. XXIII, n. 3-4, 2001, pp. 1-25.
DETEL, W. (2003), Wissenskulturen und epistemische Praktiken. In: J. FRIED, TH. KAILER, (Hrsg.), Wissenskulturen. Beiträge zu einem forschungsstrategischen Konzept, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, pp. 119-132.
DETEL, W. (2007), Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie, Reclam, Stuttgart.
DETEL, W. (2014), Epistemological Contextualism and Cultures of Knowledge. In: «Rivista Internazionale di Filosofia e Psicologia», vol. V, n. 1, 2014, pp. 43-57.
FLECK, L. (1983), Erfahrung und Tatsache. Gesammelte Aufsätze, hrsg. von L. SCHÄFER, TH. SCHNELLE, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M.
FREUDENBERGER, S. (2004), Erkenntniswelten. Semiotik, analytische Philosophie, feministische Erkenntnistheorie, Mentis, Paderborn.
FRIED, J. KAILER, TH. (Hrsg.) (2003), Wissenskulturen. Beiträge zu einem forschungsstrategischen Konzept, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
FULLER, S. (1988), Social Epistemology, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
GEERTZ, C. (1973/1987), Verso una teoria interpretativa della cultura. In: C. GEERTZ, Interpretazione di culture, traduzione di E. BONA, Il Mulino, Bologna, pp. 39-71.
GLOY, K. (2007), Von der Weisheit zur Wissenschaft. Eine Genealogie und Typologie der Wissensformen, Alber, Freiburg i.B.-München.
HOFFMANN, M. (2009), Wissenskulturen, Experimentalkulturen und das Problem der Repräsentation, Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M.
HOGREBE, W. (2006), Echo des Nichtwissens, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
KLEEBERG, B., LANGENOHL, A. (2011), Kulturalisierung/Dekulturalisierung. In: «Zeitschrift für Kulturphilosophie», vol. V, n. 2, pp. 281-302.
KNORR CETINA, K. (1984), Die Fabrikation von Erkenntnis. Zur Anthropologie der Wissenschaft, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M.
KNORR CETINA, K. (1999), Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge, New York.
KOMPA, N. (2014), Knowledge in Context. In: «Rivista Internazionale di Filosofia e Psicologia», vol. V, n. 1, 2014, pp. 58-71.
KRETSCHMANN, C. (2003), Wissenspopularisierung. Konzepte der Wissensverbreitung im Wandel, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
KRETSCHMANN, C., PAHL, H., SCHOLZ, P. (Hrsg.) (2004), Wissen in der Krise. Institutionen des Wissens im gesellschaftlichen Wandel, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
LATOUR, B. (2000), Pandora’s Hope: Essay on the Reality of Science Studies, Harvard University Press, Princeton.
LUHMANN, N. (1993), Das Recht der Gesellschaft, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M.
MCCARTHY, E.D. (2002), Knowledge as Culture. The New Sociology of Knowledge, Routledge, London-New York.
MEYER, T. (2002), Identitäspolitik. Vom Missbrauch kultureller Unterschiede, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M.
PINCH, T.J., BIJKER, W.E. (1984), The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology might Benefit Each Other. In: «Social Studies of Science», vol. XIV, n. 3, pp. 339-441.
RESCHER, N. (1996), Unsere Naturwissenschaft als genau unsere. In: N. RESCHER, Studien zur naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnislehre, hrsg. von A. WÜSTEHUBE, Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg, pp. 107-126.
RHEINBERGER, H.J. (2001), Experimentalsysteme und epistemische Dinge. Eine Geschichte der Proteinsynthese im Reagenzglas, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen.
RHEINBERGER, H.J. (2007), Historische Epistemologie. Zur Einführung, Junius Verlag, Hamburg.
SANDKÜHLER, H.J. (2003), Nature et cultures épistémiques, traduit par G. WARLAND, Kimé, Paris.
SANDKÜHLER, H.J. (2009), Kritik der Repräsentation. Einführung in die Theorie der Überzeugungen, der Wissenskulturen und des Wissens, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M.
SANDKÜHLER, H.J. (Hrsg.) (2007), Repräsentation und Wissenskulturen, Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M.
SANDKÜHLER,H.J., PÄTZOLD, D. (Hrsg.) (2003), Kultur und Symbol. Ein Handbuch zur Philosophie Ernst Cassirers, Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart.
SCHWEMMER, O. (2005), Kulturphilosophie. Eine medientheoretische Grundlegung, W. Fink Verlag, München.
VON BRAUN, C., STEPHAN, I. (2009), Gender & Wissen. Ein Handbuch der Gender-Theorien, UTB, Stuttgart.
WEHLING, P. (2004), Weshalb weiß die Wissenschaft nicht, was sie nicht weiß? Perspektiven einer Soziologie des wissenschaftlichen Nichtwissens. In: P. BÖSCHEN, P. WEHLING (Hrsg.), Wissenschaft zwischen Folgenverantwortung und Nichtwissen. Aktuellen Perspektiven der Wissenschaftsforschung, VS Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 35-106.
WEHLING, P. (2006), Im Schatten des Wissens? Perspektiven der Soziologie des Nichtwissens, UVK Verlag, Konstanz.
WEINGART, P. (2003), Wissenschaftssoziologie, Transcript, Bielefeld.
WIREDU, K. (2007), The Need for Conceptual Decolonization in African Philosophy. In: H. KIMMERLE, F.M. WIMMER (Hrsg.), Philosophy and Democracy in Intercultural Perspective / Philosophie et démocratie en perspective interculturelle, Rodopi, Amsterdam-Atlanta (GA), pp. 11-22.
WITTGENSTEIN, L. (1969/1976), Della certezza, traduzione di M. TRINCHERO, Einaudi, Torino.
WOLF, H. (Hrsg.) (2001), Inquisition, Index, Zensur. Wissenskulturen der Neuzeit im Widerstreit, Ferdinand Schöning Verlag, Paderborn.