Eichmann a Gerusalemme: il processo, le polemiche, il persecutore, la banalità del male

Bethania Assy

Abstract


Riassunto: La banalità del male. Eichmann a Gerusalemme risale al viaggio compiuto da Hannah Arendt a Gerusalemme per conto del The New Yorker per raccontare il processo contro Otto Adolf Eichmann. Tra le ragioni che l'avevano spinta a occuparsi del processo Eichmann, Hannah Arendt ne ha indicate in particolar modo tre: voleva rendersi conto in prima persona di chi fosse davvero Eichmann “in carne ed ossa”; voleva studiare da un punto di vista giuridico la possibilità di un nuovo tipo di crimine e di criminale; e infine era da tempo che si occupava del problema del male. Prendendo spunto da queste ragioni addotte dalla stessa Arendt, in questo articolo si cercherà di analizzare le implicazioni giuridiche del processo; il problema della "questione ebraica" e le polemiche che ne seguirono; l'idea stessa di "banalità del male" e le sue ripercussioni sulla riflessione della Arendt. Sebbene la Arendt avesse già sostenuto l’inadeguatezza della tradizione filosofica a cogliere il fenomeno del male nella sua analisi del male radicale in Le origini del totalitarismo, è stato solo dopo il libro su Eichmann e la "banalità del male" che ella giunse a riprendere questo tema con un rinnovato slancio etico. Quel che la Arendt aveva individuato in Eichmann non fu la stupidità; per dirla con le sue stesse parole, costui palesava qualcosa di completamente negativo: l’assenza di pensiero. L’ordinarietà di Eichmann si manifestava in un'incapacità di pensare in maniera indipendente. Eichmann divenne così il protagonista di un’esperienza solo in apparenza ordinaria: l’assenza di pensiero critico.

Parole-chiave: Hannah Arendt; Processo Eichmann; Banaltà del male; Moralità; Facoltà di pensare.

 

Eichmann in Jerusalem: The Trial, the Controversy, the Perpetrator, the Banality of Evil

Abstract - The book Eichmann in Jerusalem - a Report on the Banality of Evil was the result of Hannah Arendt's coverage of the trial of Otto Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem for the The New Yorker. Arendt identified three motives that led her to concern herself with the Eichmann trial: she wanted to know who Eichmann really was “in the flesh”; she wanted to assess the possibility of a new kind of crime and criminal in their juridical aspects; she was concerned about the nature of evil. Starting from these Arendtian motivations, this article analyzes the juridical implications of the Eichmann trial; the controversy over the Jewish question; the concept of the "banality of evil" and its importance in Arendt´s thinking. Although Arendt asserted the failure of traditional thought to grasp the phenomenon of evil in her analysis of radical evil in The Origins of Totalitarianism, only after the Eichmann book and the "banality of evil" did she cultivate this interest in a new move toward ethics. What Arendt detected in Eichmann was not stupidity; in her words, he displayed something entirely negative: thoughtlessness. Eichmann’s ordinariness manifested itself in an incapacity for independent thought. Eichmann became the protagonist of an apparently unexceptional experience: the absence of the critical thought.

Keywords: Hannah Arendt; Adolf Eichmann´s Trial; Banality of Evil; Morality; Faculty of Thinking.


Parole chiave


Hannah Arendt; Adolf Eichmann´s Trial; Banality of Evil; Morality; Faculty of Thinking

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4453/rifp.2011.0012

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